INTERGEO Agenda - english

Geodetic monitoring of unstable slopes is essential for quantifying ground deformation and assessing infrastructure safety in mountainous regions. This study investigates the temporal and spatial deformation behaviour of the Latyan landslide mass in northern Iran using a satellite-based geodetic control network and multi-epoch GNSS observations. A rigorous least-squares adjustment was applied to estimate horizontal and vertical displacement components and evaluate the statistical reliability of the network solution. The results indicate a clear spatial pattern of deformation, where maximum displacements occur at stations L4, L3, L2, and L13 located within the active landslide zone, while minimum movements are observed at stations G15, G11, L1, L10, and L16–L22 situated outside the deformation influence area. Variance–covariance analysis confirms the robustness and internal consistency of the geodetic solution, demonstrating that observed deformation significantly exceeds measurement noise levels in active zones. The results further show that satellite-based geodetic monitoring provides a reliable and efficient alternative to classical terrestrial surveying in complex and inaccessible terrain. The study confirms the capability of geodetic network adjustment combined with satellite observations for precise detection and interpretation of slope deformation processes and highlights its applicability for infrastructure monitoring and hazard assessment in dam catchments.